hypallage

Figure Name hypallage
Source Silva Rhetoricae (http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Silva.htm); Quintilian 8.6.23 (as synonym for "metonymy"); Isidore 1.36.22; Day 1599 83; Putt. (1589) 182 ("hipallage," "the changeling") ; JG Smith (1665) ("hypallage"); Macbeth (1876); Holmes (1806) ("hypallage"); Bullinger (1898) ("hypallage; or, interchange"); Vickers (1989) ("hypallage")
Earliest Source
Synonyms metonymy, hipallage, submutatio, changeling, hysteron-proteron, interchange
Etymology Gk. "interchange" from hypo "under" and allassein "to change"
Type Trope
Linguistic Domain Syntactic
Definition

1. Shifting the application of words. Mixing the order of which words should correspond with which others. (Silva Rhetoricae)

2. A changing: a figure when the natural order of the words is changed, &c.; Hypallage, immutatio; a changing; derived from [allatto] muto, to change. A figure when the natural order of the words is changed, as when two words change their cases, or when words are altered among themselves. (JG Smith)

3. Hypallage, an interchange of construction, is seen in Shakespeare when Cassius says to Julius Caesar -
"His coward lips did from their color fly;"
instaed of "the color did fly from his coward lips." (Macbeth)

4. Hypallage both cases oft transpose; A liberty, that's never us'd in prose. (Holmes)

5. Interchange of Construction... Hypallage differs from Antiptosis in that it relates to an interchange of construction whereby an adjective or other word, which logically belongs to one connexion, is grammatically united with another, so that what is said of or attributed to one thing ought to be said of or attributed to the other. In the case of two nouns (the latter "in regimen"), they are interchanged in sense, not as in Antiptosis (where the former becomes an adjective instead of the latter), but they are reserved in order or construction without regard to the purely adjectival sense. (Bullinger, 541)

6. Hypallage (or submutatio), 'changing the true construction and application of t h e words whereby the sense i s perverted a n d made very absurd' (Puttenham). (Vickers 495)

Example

1. Come stay with me and dine not. (Silva Rhetoricae)

1. Darksome wandering by the solitary night (instead of "Solitary wandering by the darksome night") —Angel Day (Silva Rhetoricae)

1. In the following example, Bottom tries to recall the dream he has had, misquoting scripture as he goes. Hypallage occurs by misaligning sense organs with their proper sensations:
The eye of man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen, man's hand is not able to taste, his tongue to conceive, nor his heart to report, what my dream was.
—Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream 4.1.211-214 (Silva Rhetoricae)

2. Job. 17.4. Thou hast hid their heart from understanding (i. o.) thou hast hid understanding from their heart.

Isa. 5.30. The light shall be darkned in the Heavens thereof, (i. e.) the heavens in the light thereof. (JG Smith)

3. "Let us die, and rush into the heart of the fight." - Virgil (Macbeth)

3. "Who is it that has tied my son to that sword?" - Cicero (Macbeth)

4. Cups, to which I never moved my lips, for cups, which I never moved to my lips. (Holmes)

5. Lev. 12:4 -"The blood of her purifying" or "purgation": i.e., their gods consisting of graven images. (Bullinger, 541)

6. The eye of man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen, man's hand is
not able to taste, his tongue to conceive, nor his heart to report, what my
dream was.
--Shakespeare, Midsummer Night's Dream, 4.1.211 (Vickers 495)

Kind Of Opposition
Part Of
Related Figures catachresis, metonymy, figures of order, figures of syntax
Notes
Confidence Unconfident
Last Editor Daniel Etigson
Confidence Unconfident
Editorial Notes please be careful how you're entering synonyms. adding extra information like "also spelled" creates problems in how the data is displayed. see the help file for instructions. -ark
Reviewed No