epizeuxis

Figure Name epizeuxis
Source Silva Rhetoricae (http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/Silva.htm); Sidore; Peacham (1593); Fraunce (1588) ("epizeuxis," "palilogia," "iteration"); Puttenham (1589) ("epizeuxis," "the underlay," "the coocko-spel"); Day 1599; Hoskins 1599 ; JG Smith (1665) ("epizeuxis"); Vinsauf (1967) ("conduplicatio"); Macbeth (1876) ("epizeuxis," "traduction"); Holmes (1806) ("epizeuxis"); De Mille (1882); Blount (1653) 6; Bullinger (1898) ("epizeuxis: or, duplication"); Norwood (1742) ("epizeuxis"); Vickers (1989) ("epizeuxis")
Earliest Source None
Synonyms palilogia geminatio, iteratio, conduplicatio, subjunctio the underlay or the coocko-spel, iteration, traduction, duplication
Etymology Gk. epi, "upon" and zeugnunai or zeugnumi, "to yoke" or "closely join together"
Type Scheme
Linguistic Domain Syntactic
Definition

1. Repetition of words with no others between, for vehemence or emphasis. (Silva Rhetoricae)

2. Epizeuxis is a figure whereby a word is repeated, for the greater vehemencie, and nothing put betweene: and it is used commonly with a swift pronunciation. (Peacham)

3. A joyning together: a figure when the same word is doubled by way of Emphasis, &c.; Epizeuxis, Adjunctio, a joyning together of the same word or sound: derived from [epizeugnumi] conjungo, to joyn together. Epizeuxis is a figure of a word, whereby a word, is geminated and repeated by way of Emphasis, and usually without interposition of any other word: or it is the repetition of the same word or sound likewise when one or more words intervene by Parenthesis. This figure serves to the Emphatical setting forth of the vehemency of the affections and passions of the mind. This figure is twofold: viz. 1. In part of a word, which is: 1. in the beginning of a Sentence, 2. in the end. of a Sentence.(JG Smith)

4. If a mode of expression both easy and adorned is desired, set aside all the techniques of the dignified style and have recourse to means that are simple, but of a simplicity that does not shock the ear by its rudeness. Here are the rhetorical colours with which to adorn your style: (Vinsauf)

5. Epizeuxis, or Traduction, is the repetition of a word for the sake of emphasis, as thus:
"You call him a man, who, if he had been a man, would not so cruelly have sought to slay a man." (Macbeth)

6. An Epizeuxis twice a word repeats, Whate'er the subject be, whereon it treats. (Holmes)

7. 174. EPIZEUXIS.
Epizeuxis is immediate repetition for the sake of emphasis:
"You cannot, my Lords, you cannot conquer America." -EARL OF CHATHAM. (De Mille)

8. " Repetition of the same word or sound immediately without interposition of any other, is called EPIZEUXIS." (Blount)

9. The Repetition of the Same Word in the Same Sense... When words do not immediately succeed each other, but are separated by one or more intervening words, the figure is ... called EPIZEUXIS... The intervening words thus form the yoke which joins the repeated words. (Bullinger, 200)

10. EPIZEUXIS. Epizeuxis, from the Greek (epizeugnumi) to join together. This Figure repeats the same word in the same sentence, by
way of emphasis, and so gives more life and passion to our discourses: Thus:
How does holy David express himself in an infinite passion, upon the death of his son Absalom, 2 Sam. 18. 33. O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom, would God I had died for thee, O Absalom my son; my son: how often are the very fame words over and over again; to
signify, if possible, the mighty grief and anguish of his soul, for the irreparable loss of his dearly beloved son. (Norwood, 63-64)

11. Epizeuxis (or subjunctio), where a word is repeated two or more times with no other word intervening. (Vickers 494)

Example

1. Hamlet: Words, words, words... (Silva Rhetoricae)

1. He, he it was who spelled my doom. (Silva Rhetoricae)

2. A Coridon, Coridon, what madnesse hath thee moved? (Virgil qtd. in Peacham)

2. Thou, thou, Anthonie gavest cause of civill warre to Caesar, willing to turne all upside downe. (Cicero qtd. in Peacham)

2. I, I, which shal beare you to your last age. (Esay in Esa.46 qtd. in Peacham)

2. Awake, awake and stand up O Jerusalem. (Esay in Esa.46 qtd. in Peacham)

3. Terrors, terrors, upon terrors laid hold on me. (JG Smith)

4. Betrayer of human nature - betrayer, I say, where is now your strength? Where is your strength? Death has broken your bonds; his death with wondrous power has broken your bonds. (Vinsauf)

6. Ah! poor, poor Swain! (Holmes)

7. "Arm! arm! it is, it is the cannon's opening roar!" -BYRON (De Mille)

7. "Charge, Chester, charge! on, Stanley, on!" -SCOTT (De Mille)

8. "O let not, let not from you be powred up-on me destruction. Tormented, tormented? Torment of my soul, Philoclea tormented." (Blount)

9. "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" -Ps. 22:1 (Bullinger, 205)

10. Luke 23. 21. But they cried, saying, crucify him, crucify him; representing to us their most violent importunities, and loud clamours of the people against his life. (Norwood, 64)

10. Acts 9. 4. Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me: a very earnest and passionate expostulation from heaven, to move and persuade Saul, that he should no, longer breath out threatnings and slaughters against the church of Christ. (Norwood, 64)

11. Howl, howl, howl!
--Shakespeare, King Lear, 5.3.257 (Vickers 494)

Kind Of Repetition
Addition
Part Of
Related Figures figures of repetition
Notes Peacham argues that one should avoid using this figure with "many syllable" words due the time it takes to repeat the word. The extra time, he claims, causes the figure to fail because the figure relies on "brevitie."
Confidence Unconfident
Last Editor Daniel Etigson
Confidence Unconfident
Editorial Notes
Reviewed No